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Dunkirk - Wikipedia. Dunkirk. Dunkerque. Subprefecture and commune. Dunkirk Town Hall and port. Location within Hauts- de- France region Coordinates: 5.

French Land Register data, which excludes lakes, ponds, glaciers > 1 km. It lies 1. 0 kilometres (6. Belgian border. The population of the city (commune) at the 2. Etymology and language use. About 9. 60. AD, Count Baldwin III had a town wall erected in order to protect the settlement against Viking raids. The surrounding wetlands were drained and cultivated by the monks of nearby Bergues Abbey.

The name Dunkirka was first mentioned in a tithe privilege of 2. May 1. 06. 7, issued by Count Baldwin V of Flanders. Guy's son, Count Robert III (1. Dunkirk; his successor Count Louis I (1. Peasant revolt of 1. King Philippe VI of France at the 1. Battle of Cassel, whereafter the Dunkirkers again were affected by the repressive measures of their lord- paramount.

Count Louis remained a loyal liensman of the French king upon the outbreak of the Hundred Years' War with England in 1. Dunkirk citizens. After the count had been killed in the 1.

Battle of Cr. However, in the course of the Western Schism from 1. English supporters of Pope Urban VI (the Roman claimant) disembarked at Dunkirk, captured the city and flooded the surrounding estates.

They were ejected by King Charles VI of France, but left great devastations in and around the town. Upon the extinction of the Counts of Flanders with the death of Louis II in 1.

Flanders was acquired by the Burgundian, Duke Philip the Bold. The fortifications were again enlarged, including the construction of a belfry daymark. As a strategic point, Dunkirk has always been exposed to political covetousness, by Duke Robert I of Bar in 1.

Louis de Luxembourg in 1. Austrian archduke Maximilian I of Habsburg, who in 1. Mary of Burgundy, sole heiress of late Duke Charles the Bold. As Maximilian was the son of Emperor Frederick III, all Flanders was immediately seized by King Louis XI of France. However, the archduke defeated the French troops in 1. Battle of Guinegate.

When Mary died in 1. Maximilian retained Flanders according to the terms of the 1. Treaty of Arras. Dunkirk, along with the rest of Flanders, was incorporated into the Habsburg Netherlands and upon the 1. Seven United Netherlands, remained part of the Southern Netherlands, which were held by Habsburg Spain (Spanish Netherlands) as Imperial fiefs. Corsair base. At the beginning of the Eighty Years' War, Dunkirk was briefly in the hands of the Dutch rebels, from 1. Spanish forces under Duke Alexander Farnese of Parma re- established Spanish rule in 1.

Dunkirkers. The Dunkirkers briefly lost their home port when the city was conquered by the French in 1. Cult Sci Fi Movies Trophy (2017) on this page. Spanish forces recaptured the city in 1. In 1. 65. 8, as a result of the long war between France and Spain, it was captured after a siege by Franco- English forces following the battle of the Dunes.

The city along with Fort- Mardyck was awarded to England in the peace the following year as agreed in the Franco- English alliance against Spain. It came under French rule when King Charles II of Englandsold it to France for . The French government developed the town as a fortified port. The town's existing defences were adapted to create ten bastions. The port was expanded in the 1. The basin was linked to the sea by a channel dug through coastal sandbanks secured by two jetties. This work was completed by 1.

The jetties were defended a few years later by the construction of five forts, Ch. An additional fort was built in 1. Fort Blanc. The jetties, their forts, and the port facilities were demolished in 1. Treaty of Utrecht. Jean Bart was the most famous.

The main character (and possible real prisoner) in the famous novel Man in the Iron Mask by Alexandre Dumas was arrested at Dunkirk. The eighteenth- century Swedish privateers and pirates Lars Gathenhielm and his wife Ingela Hammar, are known to have sold their ill- gotten gains in Dunkirk. The Treaty of Paris (1.

France and Great Britain ending the Seven Years War (1. French rights to fortify Dunkirk, to allay British fears of it being used as an invasion base to cross the English Channel. Dunkirk in World War I. The writer Robert W. Service, then a war correspondent for the Toronto Star, was mistakenly arrested as a spy and narrowly avoided being executed out of hand. On 1 January 1. 91. United States Navy established a naval air station to operate seaplanes during the First World War (1.

The base closed shortly after the Armistice of 1. November 1. 91. 8. On a regular basis, heavy shells weighing approximately 7.

Koekelare (Belgium) to Dunkirk, which is about . Encircled by the Germans, they retreated to the area around the port of Dunkirk. For years, it was assumed that Adolf Hitler ordered the German Army to stop the attack, favouring bombardment by the Luftwaffe. However, according to the Official War Diary of Army Group A, its commander, Generaloberst. Gerd von Rundstedt, ordered the halt. Hitler merely validated the order several hours after the fact.

This lull in the action gave the British a few days to evacuate by sea and fortify defences. Winston Churchill, the British Prime Minister, ordered any ship or boat available, large or small, to collect the stranded soldiers. French soldiers) were evacuated – the miracle of Dunkirk, as Churchill called it. It took over 9. 00 vessels to evacuate the BEF, with two- thirds of those rescued embarking via the harbour, and over 1. More than 4. 0,0.

The British evacuation of Dunkirk through the English Channel was codenamed Operation Dynamo. Forty thousand Allied soldiers (some who carried on fighting after the official evacuation) were captured or forced to make their own way home through a variety of routes including via neutral Spain. Liberation. However, German forces refused to relinquish their control of the city, which had been converted into a fortress. The German garrison there was . During the German occupation, Dunkirk was largely destroyed by Allied bombings. The artillery siege of Dunkirk was directed on the final day of the war by pilots from No. Squadron RAF, and No.

Squadron RCAF. According to the K. On 1. 9 December 2. Dunkirk and Saint- Pol- sur- Mer decided in favour of a fusion- association, which would create a new entity with a population of 9. The prefect requested a referendum, although this procedure was not mandatory (it became mandatory on 1 January 2.

The referendum took place on 5 December 2. Dunkerque, Saint- Pol- sur- Mer and Fort- Mardyck. Although the yes won with 5. The prefect rejected the fusion proposal as a consequence. Economy. As an industrial city it depends heavily on the steel, food processing, oil- refining, ship- building and chemicalindustries. Cuisine. The belfry was chosen as the reference point in Dunkirk.

Using this measurement and the latitudes of the two cities they could calculate the distance between the North Pole and the Equator in classical French units of length and hence produce the first prototype metre which was defined as being one ten millionth of that distance. Sightings were made of signal lights at Dover Castle from the Dunkirk Belfry, and vice versa.

Tourist attractions. The Gare de Dunkerque railway station offers connections to Gare de Calais- Ville, Gare de Lille Flandres, Arras and Paris, and several regional destinations in France. The railway line from Dunkirk to De Panne and Adinkerke, Belgium, shown on major on- line maps, is not used by passenger trains. Foot passengers have to go to Gare de Calais- Ville for a connection on P& O Ferries to reach Dover.

International relations. In Flanders Flooded Fields: Before Ypres There Was Yser. Pen and Sword. ISBN 9. The French name of Dunkerque in fact is derived from the Flemish Duinkerke, which means 'church in the dunes'! Carte 2. 18, fol(s).

December 1. 66. 2. Oxford University, Bodleian Library, Special Collections and Western Manuscripts: Carte Papers. Retrieved 1. 7 October 2. Fortified Places. Retrieved 2. 01. 3- 0. Naval Aviation in World War I.

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