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Silent film - Wikipedia. A silent film is a film with no synchronized recorded sound, especially with no spoken dialogue. The silent film era lasted from 1. In silent films for entertainment, the dialogue is transmitted through muted gestures, mime and title cards with a written indication of the plot or key dialogue.

The idea of combining motion pictures with recorded sound is nearly as old as film itself, but because of the technical challenges involved, synchronized dialogue was made practical only in the late 1. Audion amplifier tube and the introduction of the Vitaphone system. During silent films, a pianist, theater organist, or, in large cities, even a small orchestra would often play music to accompany the films. Pianists and organists would either play from sheet music or improvise; an orchestra would play from sheet music. The term silent film is therefore a retronym—that is, a term created to distinguish something retroactively. The early films with sound, starting with The Jazz Singer in 1. Within a decade, popular widespread production of silent films had ceased and production moved into the sound era, in which movies were accompanied by synchronized sound recordings of spoken dialogue, music and sound effects.

The vast majority of the silent films recorded in the late 1. A September 2. 01. United States Library of Congress announced that a total of 7.

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American silent feature films are believed to be lost. Out of a desire to free up storage space, film studios would often destroy silent films decades after their theatrical runs, perceiving them to have lost their cultural relevance and economic value. Due to the nature of the nitrate film stock on which many silent films were recorded, many have deteriorated over time or been lost in accidents such as fires, as nitrate is highly flammable and can spontaneously combust when not stored properly. Many films not completely destroyed survive only in fragmentary form or in badly damaged prints. Some lost films, such as London After Midnight have been the subject of considerable interest by film collectors and historians. Elements (1. 89. 5–1.

The elderly lady in black was filmmaker Louis Le Prince's mother- in- law and she died a week after this scene was taken. The earliest precursors of film began with image projection through the use of a device known as the magic lantern.

This utilized a glass lens, a shutter and a persistent light source, such as a powerful lantern, to project images from glass slides onto a wall. These slides were originally hand- painted, but still photographs were used later on after the technological advent of photography in the nineteenth century. The invention of a practical photography apparatus preceded cinema by only fifty years. Simulations of movement date as far back as to 1. Paul Roget discovered the phenomenon he called . Roget showed that when a series of still images are shown at a considerable speed in front of a viewer's eye, the images merge into one registered image that appears to show movement, an optical illusion, since the image is not actually moving.

This experience was further demonstrated through Roget's introduction of the thaumatrope, a device that spun a disk with an image on its surface at a fairly high rate of speed. Muybridge set up a row of cameras along a racetrack and timed image exposures to capture the many stages of a horse's gallop. The oldest surviving film (of the genera called . It was a two- second film of people walking in . Edison also made a business of selling Kinetograph and Kinetoscope equipment, which laid the foundation for widespread film production.

Their first film, Sortie de l'usine Lumi. This doomed the cinematograph, which could only use film with just one sprocket hole. In artistic innovation alone, the height of the silent era from the early 1. Classical Hollywood, French Impressionism, German Expressionism, and Soviet Montage began in this period.

Silent filmmakers pioneered the art form to the extent that virtually every style and genre of film- making of the 2. The silent era was also pioneering era from a technical point of view. Lighting techniques such as three point lighting, visual techniques such as the close- up, long shot, panning, and continuity editing became prevalent long before silent films were replaced by . Film scholars and movie buffs claim that the artistic quality of cinema decreased for several years, during the early 1. However, there is a widely held misconception that these films were primitive and barely watchable by modern standards. Most silent films are poorly preserved, leading to their deterioration, and well- preserved films are often played back at the wrong speed or suffer from censorship cuts and missing frames and scenes, resulting in what may appear to be poor editing.

In fact, color was far more prevalent in silents than in sound films for decades. By the early 1. 92. Traditional film colorization, all of which involved the use of dyes in some form, interfered with the high resolution required for built- in recorded sound, and thus were abandoned.

The innovative three- strip technicolor process introduced in the mid- 3. Intertitles. Because silent films had no synchronized sound for dialogue, onscreen intertitles were used to narrate story points, present key dialogue and sometimes even comment on the action for the cinema audience. The title writer became a key professional in silent film and was often separate from the scenario writer who created the story.

Intertitles (or titles as they were generally called at the time) often became graphic elements themselves, featuring illustrations or abstract decoration that commented on the action. This was furthered in 1. United States at Koster and Bial's Music Hall in New York City. At this event, Edison set the precedent that all exhibitions should be accompanied by an orchestra.

Beginning in the mid- 1. Pda Formats Tarzan (2016) Review Film. Massive theater organs were designed to fill a gap between a simple piano soloist and a larger orchestra. Theatre organs had a wide range of special effects; theatrical organs such as the famous . Once full features became commonplace, however, music was compiled from photoplay music by the pianist, organist, orchestra conductor or the movie studio itself, which included a cue sheet with the film. These sheets were often lengthy, with detailed notes about effects and moods to watch for. Starting with the mostly original score composed by Joseph Carl Breil for D.

Griffith's groundbreaking epic The Birth of a Nation (USA, 1. Even when special effects were not indicated in the score, if an organist was playing a theater organ capable of an unusual sound effect, such as a . But the introduction of talkies, which happened simultaneously with the onset of the Great Depression, was devastating to many musicians.

Some countries devised other ways of bringing sound to silent films. The early cinema of Brazil featured fitas cantatas: filmed operettas with singers performing behind the screen.

The benshi became a central element in Japanese film, as well as providing translation for foreign (mostly American) movies. Scores used in current reissues or screenings of silent films may be: A) complete reconstructions of composed scores, B) scores newly composed for the occasion, C) scores assembled from already existing music libraries, or D) scores improvised on the spot in the manner of the silent era theater pianist or organist.

Interest in the scoring of silent films fell somewhat out of fashion during the 1. There was a belief in many college film programs and repertory cinemas that audiences should experience silent film as a pure visual medium, undistracted by music. This belief may have been encouraged by the poor quality of the music tracks found on many silent film reprints of the time. Watch Beauty And The Beast (2017) Movie Stream there. Since around 1. 98. An early effort in this context was Kevin Brownlow's 1. Abel Gance's Napol.